Art Of Deduction Pdf

Learning Objective. Define the octet rule.The octet rule is a that reflects observation that tend to in such a way that each atom has eight in its, giving it the same as a.Referring to the octet rule, atoms attempt to get a noble gas electron configuration, which is eight valence electrons. Metals have few electrons in their outer-most orbitals. By losing those electrons, these metals can achieve noble gas configuration and satisfy the octet rule.

Science Of Deduction

Sodium has one valence electron, so giving it up would result in the same electron configuration as neon. Due to the loss of electron, a positively charged cation (Na +) called sodium ion is formed.Similarly, nonmetals that have close to 8 electrons in their valence shells tend to readily accept electrons to achieve noble gas configuration. Chlorine has seven valence electrons, so if it takes one it will have eight (an octet). Chlorine has the electron configuration of argon when it gains an electron. The resulting ion (Cl -) is called chloride ion.The octet rule could have been satisfied if chlorine gave up all seven of its valence electrons and sodium took them. In that case, both would have the electron configurations of noble gasses, with a full valence shell.

However, their charges would be much higher. It would be Na 7- and Cl 7+, which is much less stable than Na + and Cl. Atoms are more stable when they have no charge, or a small charge. The LibreTexts libraries are and are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot.

We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Unless otherwise noted, LibreTexts content is licensed. Have questions or comments? For more information contact us at or check out our status page at.